Robert Frost an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Robert Frost The American poet Robert Frost is, to a great extent, a controversial writer, although he has been ranked among the classics of literature. Frosts biographical data are important in the analysis of his work, since he is generally considered as one of the most representative poets of New England due to the local color that he infused into his poetry. He was born in San Francisco and, after he got married, he lived for ten years on the farm his grandfather had given to him in Derry, New Hampshire. Need essay sample on "Robert Frost" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Since the income coming from the farm was too low for his numerous family, Frost took up teaching, first in Derry and then in Plymouth. During the ten years the poet spent at the farm in Derry he wrote poetry and endeavored to publish it in various journals and periodicals in New Hampshire, but almost all the editors refused his work. Conscious of his artistic talent and dissatisfied with the lack of appreciation his work met with every time, Frost moved to Great Britain in 1912 where he hoped to promote his work. He soon became acquainted with the other great American poets that lived in England, such as Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot, as well as with the British modernists, such as W. B. Yeats or Lascelles Abercrombie. Pound and the other poets wrote positive reviews of his work, and Frost soon became acknowledged as one of the classics of poetry. After having published his first two volumes of poetry A Boys Will and North of Boston in England, Frost returned to America and found out w ith surprise that his second book had become famous in his native country too. The obstacles Frost met with at the beginning of his artistic career continued even after the official recognition of his work, in spite of the many awards he received. His particular style in writing received many praises but also a lot of criticism. Among the things that mostly distinguish Frosts poetry from that of other poets are his naturalism and his preoccupation with poetical form. Frost is a naturalist both because he is an avid portrayer of nature and scenery and because he instilled as much local color as possible from the provinces of New England, being concerned especially with the degeneration he sensed in the lives of the farmers and country people in America. As Amy Lowell noted, Frost is an ironic and almost sarcastic naturalist, who poignantly depicts the reality of the modern New England province, rendering its decay and ugliness: [] and the modern New England town, with narrow frame houses, visited by drummers alone, is painted in all its ugliness. For Mr. Frost's is not the kindly New England of Whittier, nor the humorous and sensible one of Lowell; it is a latter-day New England, where a civilization is decaying to give place to another and very different one. (Greenberg, 50) Nevertheless, in spite of the chaos and decay it sometimes depicts, Frosts poetry is extremely ordered and poised in terms of form and expression, his rhyming and his choice of words often achieving perfection. Also, the technique Frost uses in almost all his poems is what sets his work apart from the other contemporary writers: he uses the data and the images gathered from the physical world in his poem in such a way that nature gains a philosophical significa nce: There is the poet for whom external nature has a philosophically serious significance, either deliberately worked out or revealed by its implicit presence in a substantial body of work. Such poets may be capable of compelling powerful responses in the receptive reader, responses with an ethical or a metaphysical dimension.(Nitchie, 5) It was for these main characteristic of his work that Frost met with critical resistance many times. Thus, he was considered by his contemporary out of touch with his time, because his poetry did not aim at modernist innovations, and was too conservatory in both form and subject: Mr. Frost, for instance, is singularly out of touch with his own time []He does not understand our time and will make no effort to understand it. When he essays to speak of it, as in the long poem "New Hampshire" (one of the poorest in the book and a sort of pudding of irrelevancies), he shows a surprising lack of comprehension. There, to the challenge of contemporary ideas, he replies with know-nothing arrogance, Me for the hills where I don't have to choose. In fact, Mr. Frost's work is weakest in ideas. His style is gnomic; it sounds impressively thoughtful and many sentences have the rounded conclusiveness of proverbs. But his thought, disengaged from the style, is often discovered to be no thought at all, or a banality. (Greenberg, 61) Too much traditionalism, banality and lack of originality are among the flaws most commonly attributed to Frost by his contemporaries. Also, Isidor Schneider criticized the lack of depth of Frosts psychological analysis and his limited insight: Related to this lack of a developed and original philosophy is another lack. Mr. Frost's narrative poems are frequently poised upon a psychological situation. But Mr. Frost as a psychologist does not get very far. He can describe sensations perfectly; in fact, such descriptions are among his finest achievements. But he does not reach beyond the sensation; and in a psychological narrative he does not reach beyond the fact.(Greenberg, 61) However, some of the most criticized elements of Frosts poetical style are intentional. For example, his lack of originality and his stubborn traditionalism are part of his own design and artistic beliefs, as Frost himself noticed: []they ask me why I write poetry. I write poetry because it's been written before. I'm not original enough to originate a whole new realm of action.(Barron, 105) Frost believed that triviality and simplicity are the main poetical modes of delivering a serious, philosophical message, and that the essence of poetry is to say one thing and to mean another: Poetry begins in trivial metaphors, pretty metaphors, grace metaphors, and goes on to the profoundest thinking that we have. Poetry provides the one permissible way of saying one thing and meaning another. People say, Why don't you say what you mean? We never do that, do we, being all of us too much poets.(Greenberg, 89) Thus, Frost aims at universality and a true depiction of real life through the use of very particular and banal provincial imagery. He describes natural landscapes and bits of country life that are very particular of New England, but manages nevertheless to get his meaning through and to offer an understanding of life in general, as David Morton noted in his review of New Hampshire: Once I was present at a spirited controversy between two excellent critics as to the significance of Robert Frost--the one contending that [688] this poetry could make no claim to great and lasting art, because of its exceedingly provincial character, unintelligible to readers unfamiliar to the section, and the other answering with the names of Dante and Burns. It seemed to me then, and it seems to me now, that neither point of view touched the case of Frost with exactness.[] We may count upon a certain universality of comprehension of life for life wherever it appears and with whatever eccentric gesture. (Greenberg, 55) Frosts technique is thoroughly analyzed by Reginald Cook in his study, who notes that the main characteristic of his work is the organic form that the poet employs whenever he writes. Thus, Frosts poetry has an unfolding quality, that is, it develops its ideas organically in the text and does not simply build around pre-established themes: The first dominant aspect in Frost's theory is a preference for the organic and the natural over the geometrical and the self-conscious. Here he agrees with Spenser's for soul is form and doth the body make, and with Emerson development of this idea in his essay on The Poet, when the latter refers to a thought so passionate and alive that, like the spirit of a plant or an animal it has an architecture of its own, and adorns nature with a new thing. (Cook, 46) Most of these formal aspects and particularities are found in Frosts Tree at My Window, which lends itself to a psychological interpretation like many of the authors other works. The poem typically begins from a mood inspired to the author by the tree outside his window. It is an impression that the poet picks up from the natural world and which is further developed in the text in an almost unconscious manner. The ideas simply grow at the same time with the text: From its origin in the vague mood, which committed the poet, until the last sentence is set down, the poem unfolds organically, like a leaf from a bud.(Cook, 47) Frost thus proceeds from an object that he describes to the feeling that it inspires in him: [] he proceeds distinctly and clearly without confusion, from the object seen to the feeling which it arouses in him.(Cook, 47) The tree that stands outside and bears the changing of seasons and of weather becomes a symbol for the changing psychological moods of the poet. As many other poems by Frost, this one links a natural element to a psychological one. The trees sensations when he is shook by the winds and storms outside are contrasted with the ones experienced by man in his inner world. The tree can suffer only from the outer weather, but man has his inner weather, his own storm of thoughts and feelings. It is obvious that the tree and the man are not likened but rather contrasted here since Frost emphasizes the lack of profoundness in the trees sensations: Vague dream-head lifted out of the ground,/And thing next most diffuse to cloud,/ Not all your light tongues talking aloud/ Could be profound. (Frost, 133) The trees comparison to a dream-head which has light tongues talking aloud first introduces the connection between the natural and the human world. Like the man, the tree is subject to various sensations because of the weather, but none of these is really profound. The trees light tongues are not capable of real expression. The next stanza seems to correct this first observation as the poet remembers having seen the tree tormented by storms and different sensations: But tree, I have seen you taken and tossed,/ And if you have seen me when I slept,/You have seen me when I was taken and swept/ And all but lost.(Frost, 133) However, the parallel between man and tree is again used for contrast: the man who is taken and swept in his dreams, an image which is meant to suggest the torments of the psychological world and to emphasize the fact that only man is able to experience these sensations in his inner world as well. The window with no curtain that stands between man and tree is thus sy mbolic of the partial separation between man and nature: the tree is, in a way, complementary to man, or the natural world is complementary to the inner world of man. The poem thus expresses a philosophical idea as well: it discusses the uniqueness of man, of the human mind and imagination in the physical universe. The poet states that fate has used her imagination when putting the two heads together, that of the tree and that of man, that is, fate gave two aspects to the world the physical and the spiritual: That day she put our heads together,/Fate had her imagination about her,/Your head so much concerned with outer,/Mine with inner, weather. (Frost, 133) The two forms of weather are thus symbols for the spiritual and the natural world, which are similar in their manifestations but separated at the same time, as one is inner (the man is in the house) and the other external (the tree is outside in the natural world). From a formal perspective, Tree at My Window develops a philosophical or psychological theme starting from an image that is seen or remembered. As the poet himself theorized, poetry makes a point out of the waste, raw material of observation: Poetry builds from its own waste, and the only thing that isn't waste is the point in a poem or story.(Cook, 47) Another very important characteristic of the style of Tree at My Window is that of suggestibility, that is, Frosts belief that the form, the flow and the sound pattern of the poem are the most important poetic means in transmitting an idea: The best of a poem," Frost will tell you, is when you first make it, the curve that it takes, the shape, the run, the flow, and then you can come back to it.(Cook, 48) The poet must find the most appropriate and economic means of expression of an idea by[] eliminating many words and impressions, and by making the exact choice(Cook, 49) Thus, an accomplished poetical form is the one in which every words is capable of influencing the meaning of the other words: Every word does something to the other words.(Cook, 50) In Tree at My Window, the parallel between the tree and man is built with the help of the substitution of the terms coming from the natural world with those coming from the natural one, and vice versa. The tree has a dream-head, and ligh t tongues, while man is subject to the inner weather. Thus, Robert Frosts poetry distinguishes itself through the way in which it makes use of the natural imagery to express a metaphysical or psychological idea, and through the development of the theme in an organic form, that blends the content with the textual elements. Works Cited: Barron, Jonathan N. and J. Wilcox. Roads not Taken: Rereading Robert Frost. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2000 Budd, Louis J. and Edwin H. Cady. On Frost: The Best from American Literature. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991 Cook, Reginald R. The Dimensions of Robert Frost. New York: Rinehart, 1958 Cox, Sidney. A Swinger of Birches: A Portrait of Robert Frost. New York: New York University Press, 1957 Doyle, John Robert Jr. The Poetry of Robert Frost: An Analysis. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1962 Frost, Robert. Collected Poems of Robert Frost. New York: Henry Holt, 1930 Greenberg, Robert A. and James G. Hepburn. Robert Frost, an Introduction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961 Nitchie, George W. Human Values in the Poetry of Robert Frost: A Study of a Poets Convictions. Durham: Duke University Press, 1960

Healthcare Essays

Science/Healthcare Essays Science/Healthcare Essay Science/Healthcare Essay In today’s society, more frequently than ever when it comes to suing medical records hospitals are using them rather than using paper medical records. Electronic medical record have several things that enhance the quality, efficiency and safety of patients like the knowledge an provision and decision-support systems which leads to the final support for efficient processes for health care delivery (unknown, 2010).This automations and computerized process is able to capture, retrieve and store present clinical data. Using electronic medical records is a way to make patients records easier to retain and is beside the nurses’ station. In addition to this electronic medical records are also organized and legible. They can make the operation of the medical records department more enhancing with things like abstracting, coding, and noting chart deficiencies and correspondence.With this process, it helps the facilities with the billing process and help with tracing and detailing information more quickly and efficiently. (Snook, 2004). Electronic medical records acquire eight more functions. They are result management, decision support, health information and data, order management, patient support, reporting, electronic communication and connectivity, and administrative processes. Compared to the based medical records the use of electronic medical records has replaced them.It also has the capability for structuring, streamlining, and automating clinical workflow. For a wide range of care activities electronic medical records provide integrated support that includes referrals of labatory and radiology. In addition to maintaining data and also keeping information trails that will be ready for adults, as well as research and other information that needs to be investigated. The use of electronic medical records can also help serve as w ay for continuing medical education as well.Healthcare as a whole has major hospitals that have comprehensive EMRs. This is translated into many things like improvements in the quality and satisfaction for patients as well as improvements for safety which leads to a more efficient and more accurate productive staff, as well as a greater accomplishment and self worthy for doctors and physicians who can easily gather but also complete patient information. This has also created the turnaround time for initial physician order to be slashed from 41 to 6 minutes.As a whole there are fewer phone calls to clarify physician orders which have lead to increased efficient meaning that this allows additional time for physicians to be at the patient’s bedside in case anything happens. Within the health care industry the advances in the technology and pharmaceutical products have resulted in several innovations. Ned medicines are being introduced and developed in order to manage, treat, and prevent many diseases and aging conditions of the baby boomer generation.Ned medical treatments and discoveries are being made based on the molecular and genetic tests. The future of healthcare seems to be on the bright side as many advances are being made every day in the health care technology which is leading to more individualized and targeted tests that are being done to show how people respond to various drugs. Our healthcare for the future looks very enlighten as it has a lot of potential in discovering alternative medicines, new treatment and prevention techniques. The more common technology becomes in the future, the less expensive will it be.In today’s world I have to agree that medical records have been a helpful tool for our health care organizations, hospitals, and also private medical practices. In addition to this, they present an open means of communication that is among staff members of any health care organization without having to depend on paper medical records which reports important and vital information, which were located in a single location (Barlow, Johnson amp; Steck, 2004). The new information communication process that has been developed has helped clinical staff, nurses, labs, radiology staff and doctors in the quality of care that is provide to patients.

Dnata travel report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dnata travel report - Essay Example The insurance cover is one of the important tools in any business operation and is an indicator of concern regarding those who come in and out of the travel agency. Further, it involves activities such as transportation and cruise services, and involvement in sporting events. Finally, the services are for enhancing relations of numerous people coming in and out of the booking offices as well as hotels and field. Mission of Dnata Travel Agency Mission refers to the major activities that an established firm undertakes. The major operations of the Dnata traveling agency include offering holiday packages. This usiful as most of the travelers look forward to inquiring a place they can spend their holiday with their families. Dnata management staffs play the role of insuring the traveling agency runs on well with an increase in profits. Insurance covers are not only for an organization but also for those who visit the agency (Schwab et al, 2008). Insurance covers all staff members are nece ssary. Insuring of the agency denotes that there is compensation to all individuals (whether the staffs or travelers) in case of occurrence of the insured risk. This in itself is a way of attracting more travelers into the premises, as there is an assurance of consideration of their lives. Objective and vision of Dnata traveling agency Vision refers to what a particular organization or adpersons desires to do in future. It means a call for ability of individuals to advance the services initially offered, in a manner that the services will be more satisfying. Comparing with diverse changes in technology, services offered should be of high-tech and better when compared to services of other competing organizations. Dnata traveling agency looks forward to the establishment of and necessitating travelers to get use of online booking of tickets. Managerial staff of Dnata also moves ahead to improve accommodation services. In setting objectives, it is of essence to consider the questions w hat services to offer, who to offer the services, and who to access the services (Schwab et al, 2008). Pre-approach Before having access to the services provided by Dnata travel agency, individuals have to either register online or directly with the relevant offices. However, individuals may deliberately appear in person and inquire for relevant tickets to the agency. There are business meetings held to collect information about a certain subject discussed. Discussions are between travelers and top managerial agency staffs. The primary reason for the meeting is to determine the quality of services offered and strategies to improve the services (Schwab et al, 2008). Approach prospecting Potential customers of any organization are the individuals outside the organization who are ready to access the services and products provided in specific organizations. Dnata is the leading travel agency in the Middle East, specifically in Thailand and in amongst other worldly agencies, it appears t o be the fourth largest. To be part of the travelers is an indicator of ecstasy especially for those coming from far countries to take refuge on the agency. Through insurance services, the managing staffs of Dnata include several things such as compensation in case of cancellation of flights (Schwab et al, 2008). There is a follow up of departure, especially where the agency staffs fail to spot tickets of some several individuals. Dnata travel

To what extent can employers terminate employment on the grounds of Essay

To what extent can employers terminate employment on the grounds of poor performance - Essay Example This gives an idea about the basic rights which the employees have to be careful about, even if dismissed due to poor performance. This mentions the problems created for the employers when they find it hard to terminate the employees, despite their poor performance because of the high dismissal costs and other compensatory remedies they may be asked by the Tribunals to pay. This explains the topic of employment termination in relation to the employment tribunals and explains the different types of claims which are frequently brought in the Tribunals. This also details the important elements which should be scrutinized before settling the claims. This essay is a discussion about a gravely sensitive issue i.e. employment termination in UK on the grounds of poor performance. The discussion is mainly emphasized on how employers, employees and tribunals separately should deal with this issue. First part is about the various conditions and legal formalities enforced by laws which have to be scrutinized by the employers before finalizing employment termination. Second part reflects how employees can use different rights for unfair dismissal once they are handed over termination notices and the consequences faced by the terminated poor performers. Third part of the essay reveals necessary things to be considered by the Tribunals when they have to deal with the cases of employment termination and ensure fair dismissal. Poor or immature performance is an issue that particularly infuriates employers because this is something directly related to the reputation of an organization and which drastically reduced the overall productivity. But regardless of the threats imposed by poor performance, should the display of such unprofessionalism always resolutely lead to termination of employment straight-off? This is a question which should always be considered before making a decision against an employee, since this

Analysis of two commercial brands of bleaching solution Essay Example for Free

Analysis of two commercial brands of bleaching solution Essay Objective To determine the concentrations of the active ingredients in 2 commercial bleaches. Introduction Sodium hypochlorite is usually found in bleaching solutions. It is the active ingredient of bleaching solutions. It bleaches by oxidation. When it is added to dye, the following reaction occurs: ClO- + dye - Cl- + (dye + O) If the oxidized form of the dye is colorless, then the color of the dye would fade away. In the presence of acid, the hypochlorite ions from the bleaching solution reacts with the iodine ions from potassium iodide in the following way: ClO- + 2I- + 2H+ I2 + H2O + Cl-. When sodium thiosulphate solution is added into this reacted solution, a further reaction occurs: I2 + 2S2O32- 2I- + S4O62- This reaction could be used in titration to find out the number of moles of thiosulphate ions, thus the concentration of hypochlorite ions in the bleaching solution. Procedure 1. 10 cm3 of Kao Bleach was pipette into a volumetric flask. Distilled water was added until the meniscus reaches the graduation point. 2. 25 cm3 of the titrated bleach was pipette into a conical flask. About 10 cm3 of potassium iodide and dilute sulphuric acid was added into the conical flask. 3. The solution was titrated with sodium thiosulphate solution until the brown colour of the iodine fades. 4. Starch solution was added into the conical flask, and the solution was further titrated until the dark-brown colour of the starch-iodine complex turns to colourless. The volume of sodium thiosulphate solution required to reach the end point was recorded. 5. Steps 1 to 4 were repeated 3 more times. 6. Steps 1 to 5 were repeated using Clorox Bleach. Data and Calculation Molarity of standard Na2S2O3 solution = 0. 05182M Brand A: Kao Price: $11. 9/ 1500ml Trial 1 2 3 Final reading/cm3 26. 8 23. 1 25. 7 26. 0 Initial reading/ cm3. 4. 1 0. 4 2. 9 3. 2 Volume of Na2S2O3 22. 7 22. 7 22. 8 22. 8 Average no. of moles of Na2S2O3 used in the titration: 0. 05182 X (22. 7 + 22. 8 X 2)/3 X 0. 001 = 1. 180 X 10-3 moles So, there are (1. 180 X 10-3 /2) =5. 90 X 10-4 moles of I2 in the reaction So, there are 5. 90 X 10-4 moles of ClO- ions in the diluted solution. Concentration of ClO- in Kao bleach = 5. 90 X 10-4 X 10 /10 X 1000 =0. 5899M Brand B: Clorox Price: $21. 9/ 2840ml Trial 1 2 3 Final reading/cm3 33. 5 32. 4 32. 0 33. 2 Initial reading/ cm3 2. 7 1. 3 0. 9 2. 3 Volume of Na2S2O3 30. 8 31. 1 31. 1 30. 9 Average no. of moles of Na2S2O3 used in the titration: 0. 05182 X (30. 9+ 31. 1 X 2)/3 X 0. 001 = 1. 608 X 10-3 mole So, there are (1. 608 X 10-3 /2) =8. 041 X 10-4 moles of I2 in the reaction So, there are 8. 041 X 10-4 moles of ClO- ions in the diluted solution. Concentration of ClO- in Kao bleach = 8. 041 X 10-4 X 10 /10 X 1000 =0. 8041M Conclusion The concentration of ClO- in Kao is 0. 5899M while that of Clorox is 0. 8041M. Discussion 1. When we add starch solution into the conical flask, the solution turns dark blue. After that, when we add a few drops of sodium thiosulphate, the colour of the solution would turn colourless. We must be careful when we are doing this step. This is because the starch-iodine complex does not show graduation of color change. We may get pass the end point easily. The readings would be inaccurate. 2. Dilute sulphuric acid is irritating. So we must be extra careful in using it. How did I use sulphuric acid more safely? I used a larger measuring cylinder to measure out the amount of sulphuric acid. The likeliness of spilling the acid would be lower. 3. After I had done all the experiments, I found out that the tip of the pipette was broken. When I asked Mr. Leung, he said that the pipette could not be used anymore. Why? I could think of 2 reasons. First, the broken tip of the pipette could cause danger when we are using the pipette. We would have a higher chance of getting our finger cut. Second, the broken tip of the pipette may cause the solution to be carried to leak. So, it is unreliable. Answers to Study Question 1. (a) Amount of active ingredient in Kao: 0. 5899 X (35. 5 + 16) = 30. 38 g /dm3 Amount of active ingredient in Clorox: 0. 8041 X (51. 5) = 41. 41 g/dm3 (b)Cost per gram of Kao: (11. 9 X 1000/1500) /30. 38 = $0. 2611 per gram Cost per gram of Clorox: (21. 9 X 1000/2840) / 41. 41 = $ 0. 186 per gram 2. As Clorox is of a lower price, it is the better buy. 3. Adding potassium iodide in excess ensures that all chlorate ions have reacted. Only when all the chlorate ions have been reacted that the amount of iodine formed can fully reflect the amount of chlorate ions in the solution. This ensures that the volume of sodium thiosulphate used in the titration can be used to determine the number of moles of chlorate ions in the solution. 4. When an acid is added into a solution of chlorate and iodine ions, iodine would be liberated. The iodine can then be used in titration to determine the amount of the chlorate ions. 5. The second way it may deteriorate is by decomposition by sunlight: 2H+ + 2ClO- - 2HCl + O2 The chlorate ions, under sunlight, decompose back to chlorine ions and the bleaching ability of the bleaching solution is reduced. 6. This is because before reaching the end point, starch solution will not show any signs of being close to the end point. Other indicators will. For example, if methyl orange is close to its end point, it will first change the color of the solution to orange. Then, the solution would turn back to its original colour. In this way, we will know that we are close to the end point and we would add the solution more slowly. However, similar characteristics could not be found when we use starch as an indicator. So, we may get pass the end point easily. This problem is solved by titrating the iodine solution without any indicator first. After the brown color of iodine vanishes, we know that we are very close to the end point. At this stage, adding starch solution can tell us whether there is still iodine in the solution. As we know that we are already very close to the end point, we would add the solution more slowly. It would be lees likely to shoot pass the end point.

Political Parties in the United States Essay -- Papers USA Government

Political Parties in the United States When the founders of the American republic wrote the U.S. Constitution in 1787, they did not envision a role for political parties in the governmental order. Indeed, they sought through various constitutional arrangements such as separation of powers, checks and balances, and indirect election of the president by an electoral college to insulate the new republic from political parties and factions. In spite of the founders' intentions, the United States was the first nation to develop parties organized on a national basis and to transfer executive power from one faction to another via an election in 1800. THE EMERGENCE AND PERVASIVENESS OF POLITICAL PARTIES The development of political parties was closely linked to the extension of the suffrage as qualifications requiring property ownership to vote were lifted during the early 1800s. With a vastly expanded electorate, a means was required to mobilize masses of voters. Political parties became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. Thus parties in America emerged as a part of this democratic revolution, and by the 1830s were a firmly established part of the political firmament. Today, the Republican and Democratic parties totally pervade the political process. Approximately two-thirds of Americans consider themselves either Republicans or Democrats, and even those who say that they are independents normally have partisan leanings and exhibit high levels of partisan loyalty. For example, on average 75 percent of independents who "leaned" either toward the Republicans or the Democrats voted for their preferred party's presidential candidate in the five presidential elections held between 1980 and 1996. The p... ...n of "protest" voting for third-party candidates. Gallup polls revealed that in 1992, 5 percent of Perot's voters said they would not vote for him if they thought he could win. Third parties and independent candidates also face a potentially daunting postelection problem in the event they are successful in winning the presidency. This, of course, is the problem of governing — staffing an administration and then working with a Congress dominated by Republicans and Democrats who would have only limited incentives to cooperate with a non-major-party president. John F. Bibby is a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and is the former chairman of the American Political Science Association's political parties subfield. An authority on U.S. politics and government, Bibby has authored Politics, Parties, and Elections in America. Political Parties in the United States Essay -- Papers USA Government Political Parties in the United States When the founders of the American republic wrote the U.S. Constitution in 1787, they did not envision a role for political parties in the governmental order. Indeed, they sought through various constitutional arrangements such as separation of powers, checks and balances, and indirect election of the president by an electoral college to insulate the new republic from political parties and factions. In spite of the founders' intentions, the United States was the first nation to develop parties organized on a national basis and to transfer executive power from one faction to another via an election in 1800. THE EMERGENCE AND PERVASIVENESS OF POLITICAL PARTIES The development of political parties was closely linked to the extension of the suffrage as qualifications requiring property ownership to vote were lifted during the early 1800s. With a vastly expanded electorate, a means was required to mobilize masses of voters. Political parties became institutionalized to accomplish this essential task. Thus parties in America emerged as a part of this democratic revolution, and by the 1830s were a firmly established part of the political firmament. Today, the Republican and Democratic parties totally pervade the political process. Approximately two-thirds of Americans consider themselves either Republicans or Democrats, and even those who say that they are independents normally have partisan leanings and exhibit high levels of partisan loyalty. For example, on average 75 percent of independents who "leaned" either toward the Republicans or the Democrats voted for their preferred party's presidential candidate in the five presidential elections held between 1980 and 1996. The p... ...n of "protest" voting for third-party candidates. Gallup polls revealed that in 1992, 5 percent of Perot's voters said they would not vote for him if they thought he could win. Third parties and independent candidates also face a potentially daunting postelection problem in the event they are successful in winning the presidency. This, of course, is the problem of governing — staffing an administration and then working with a Congress dominated by Republicans and Democrats who would have only limited incentives to cooperate with a non-major-party president. John F. Bibby is a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and is the former chairman of the American Political Science Association's political parties subfield. An authority on U.S. politics and government, Bibby has authored Politics, Parties, and Elections in America.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas The movie, â€Å"The Boy in the Striped Pajamas,† was a very interesting but sad movie. It made me think about how children really don't see a lot of things and how they are very innocent. The way the Jews were being treated made me really upset at how things were really running like that in Germany without many countries not noticing, especially the United States, until years later when they had gone to war.But by then, many people had died, or became survivors without any family, homes or any of their elongings at all. It was ridiculous in the way they got away with a lot of things. Their own people in the country thought that it wasn't even bad and they saw the Jews as the enemies. Brunos father who was in charge of the concentration camp though he was doing the right thing, but until his own son died, he was in complete shock. He didn't know what to do anymore. He was Just standing there and couldn't believe it.I think he realized what he was doing and how things drastically changed for his amily and him, especially in how many children and Jews he had been killing in the camp. I really liked how there was friendship in the movie though. Shmuel and Bruno had met, and Bruno would go visit him and talk to him and try to play with him sometimes. But Shmuel couldn't play, because he was very unhealthy and dehydrated, he could barely run. It would break my heart when Bruno would try to bring him food, but he would drop it along the way.I really liked the acting in the ovie; it made everything look so real, even the setting was nice. I really don't know how or what they did to make the prisoners in the movie seem so skinny as if they hadn't ate in months. Pavel who was the butler in the house, would Just peel potatoes all day, it was really horrid when he got beat up for dropping the glass of wine on the dinner table. Many people had to give up their dreams and school Just like Pavel did. It's hard to imagine if that would ha ve happened to me and my family.I wonder what appened to all the people who were involved in this, if they all died or if went to Jail, did they survive? This film also showed me that you shouldn't discriminate any types of people from the rest. It is really sad, because to this day, that's how a lot of people still are and that's the way they think. This is actually one of my favorite movies because it has so many different concepts and it makes you think about many things. Especially to see how far, into friendship you would go. By Jsierra9 The Boy in the Striped Pajamas The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, based on the novel of the same title, directed by Mark Herman, set in Germany during World War II in the early 1940s. It follows the story of Bruno, an eight-year-old boy living in Berlin, currently under the rule of Adolf Hitler. His father is a commandant at a concentration camp. When his family moves to Auschwitz (or as Bruno believes it to be pronounced: ‘Out-With’) near the concentration camp for his father’s work, Bruno finds himself confined to the front yard of his new home and longs for a friend and an adventure. After finding a way out of the property, he discovers a concentration camp, although at this stage he believes it to be a farm rather than a prison. Bruno quickly develops a friendship with Schmuel, a Jewish boy living in the concentration camp who is the same age as him. Bruno makes several visits to the camp, despite being told by his parents that he is not to venture outside the back gate. Schmuel tells Bruno that his father is missing, while Bruno is informed that he and his sister will go to live with his Aunt. Instead of leaving his home in the country to go back to Berlin, Bruno decides to help Schmuel find his father. He dons striped â€Å"pyjamas† and crosses the fence, with horrific consequences. A character I disliked in the movie was Bruno’s father, Ralf. Ralf is a stereotypical German Nazi commandant in charge of the nearby Auschwitz concentration camp. He is very much in support of Adolf Hitler, believing that the Jewish are bad people. He tries to convince his family that he is making the world a better place. Bruno’s sister, Gretel, supports her father’s views on the matter, and explains to Bruno about the Jewish. â€Å"But Dad just sat there! † â€Å"What did you expect him to do? The Jew deserved it! † Can I ask you something about the farm? † â€Å"Bruno, you don’t think it is a farm, do you? It’s a camp, what’s called a work camp, for Jews. † â€Å"Just Jews, because they are the best workers? † â€Å"They’re not in because they are good, silly, they aren’t good at anything. They are in there because they are evil. They are the enemy, evil dangerous vermin. They’re the reason why we lost the Great War. † Ralf also imposes a fake perception of the concentration camp on his soldiers. He shows them a video that portrays the fact that the camp is a nice place to live and that the Jewish enjoy it there. New arrivals here are happy to discover that life in the camp is not all work and that there’s ample opportunity for leisure also. At the end of their day of ironmongery or the build of boot factory, the workers can enjoy the many forms of pastime that the camp has to offer. Organised sport is very popular. Those that don’t play certainly enjoy watching. At the end of the working day the centrally located cafe is the ideal place for friends and families to join together for a hearty and nutritious meal. The children in particular enjoy the pastries and cakes on offer. In the evenings the occasional music concerts either by visiting orchestras or, indeed, by talented musicians from within the camp itself, are always well attended. Other recreations include reading in the library, pottery, cookery, art and horticulture for adult and child alike. Almost any activity one could wish for is available within the camp. † This description is in stark contrast to what the camp really is like. I find Bruno’s father a horrible person for not telling the truth about the camp. Even his wife doesn’t know what goes on in the camp, and when she finds out, Ralf tells her that he was sworn to secrecy. I think we are lucky that we live in a time when fathers aren’t necessarily bound to their job in such a way that it almost destroys a family. Bruno’s father was brainwashed into believing that the Jewish were bad people and did not deserve to live, as was Bruno’s sister, Gretel. I am glad that in this century we are not so easily led into believing such things. What Ralf did was horrible but in a way he was trying to protect his family – if he had disobeyed Hitler’s orders, he may have ended up in a camp himself or even dead – but in this case his efforts to protect Bruno did not turn out so well. I also think we are lucky that we live in a country where we have enough freedom to disagree with our leaders and have an option to vote them out if necessary. In World War II, if you had a different opinion to Hitler, you were either sentenced to death or put in a concentration camp. Ralf did what was best for his family, but in doing so did some horrific things to other people. I felt extremely sorry for the main protagonist, Bruno, and enjoyed the theme of innocence. Bruno was very young, naive and hardly knew anything about the war. I think his parents and tutor should have informed him better about what was going on outside of his front yard, as he certainly didn’t deserve to die in a concentration camp. If he had known more about the outside world, perhaps he wouldn’t have felt so obliged to explore further and in doing so enter the camp. His innocence is portrayed in this instance, when he is talking to Schmuel through the fence. Bruno: â€Å"Is everything alright? † Schmuel: â€Å"No, we can’t find the Pa. He went on a different work duty with some of the men and they haven’t come back. â€Å"I have got some bad news, too. I’m going away. † â€Å"How long this time? † â€Å"That’s what it’s bad. It’s forever I think. Mum says this is no place for children. † â€Å"It’s just stupid. When do you go? † â€Å"Tomorrow, after lunch. † â€Å"So I won’t ever see you again? † â€Å"Yes, you will. You can come on holiday to Berlin if you like, when everybody is getting on with each other again†¦ I wish I could have helped you find your dad. I really want to make up for letting you down like I did. That would have done it, wouldn’t it? Helping find your dad. Would have been great, like a secret mission. Hey, I could dig under [the fence]! † Bruno then proceeded to dig under the fence and dress in striped â€Å"pyjamas† to help find Schmuel’s Dad. He and Schmuel are marched into a gas chamber, where they both die. I also felt sorry for Bruno when he was having lessons with his tutor, Herr Liszt, as he was being taught very difficult things about the war and how Hitler is a good person. For example: â€Å"I don’t understand: a nation’s collapse is only done to this one man? † â€Å"The Jew here means the entire Jewish race. If it had been just one man, I’m sure something would have been done about him. † â€Å"There is such a thing as a nice Jew, though, isn’t there? † â€Å"I think, Bruno, if you ever found a nice Jew, you would be the best explorer in the world. â€Å" Again, this shows how lucky we are to live in a country where there is no war going on. If we were taught such things in school nowadays, we would have a very different perception of the world. We are not taught biased facts about historical nor current day events, and we are lucky that we are allowed to develop our own opinions without being sentenced to death. I think a child’s innocence is extremely important to hold on to in most instances because it prevents them from many dangers that the world poses, however in this case is was the difference between life and death for Bruno. If his parents had told him why he was not allowed to go to the concentration camp, he would have been aware of the dangers and perhaps not have persisted on visiting Schmuel, but his curiosity and lack of reason from his parents eventually led him to his death.